Proportion & Scale

Golden Section
The proportional relation between two divions of line or two dimesions of a place figure. The mathmatical equation in which the sum of two numbers are equal to that of the lesser sums.

The Orders
The orders are simply how the Greeks and the Romans used a proportion to express beauty.

Renaissance Theories
Are the theories of the Renaissance architects in which their theories were similar to the Greeks and Romans, they all believed that their architectural proporiton had to follow a numeric formula.

The Modular
Developed by LeCorbusier where modular proportioning is based on ergonomics and the human body.

The "Ken"
The Japanese unit of measurement. It is based on the size of a floor mat.

Anthropomorphic
Refers to the size and proportions of the human body.

Scale
The ratio between the size of something and a representation of it.

Principals

Axis
A line that goes straight through a figure.

Symmetry
An exact reflection of form on opposite isdes of a dviding line, plane or axis.

Hierarchy

When something visually gives a clue that it is more important than something else.

Datum

A line, plane or volume in which other elements relate to.

Rythum & Repitition

The principals of design that give a space a coherent feel.

Transformation

A change in an object.

Organization

Space Within A Space
Space is determined by a volume or solid within another space. The spaces usually serve as two seperate spaces.

Adjacent Spaces
Where two or more spaces are back to back. They do not neccesarily need to have acess to each other.

Spaces Linked By Common Spaces
Spaces can be linked by linear, independant forms, or an opposing or dominate form.

Clustered Organization
Spatial organizaation where spaces are grouped by close proximity and may be related by shape, texture or color.

Grid Organization
Where elemetns in a space are arranged into even row or even columns.

Circulation

Building Approach
The approach you make to a building when finding an entrance into it.

Building Entrances
A buildings entrance or entrances and how they are constructed.

Configurations of Paths
The movement someone takes from a beginning point and the path they take to get to an end point. Paths of movement include: linear, radial. spiral, grid, network and they can also be a combination of two or more.

Path-Space Relationships
Determined by the spaces they link the relationships are: pass by spaces, pass through spaces and terminate in space.

Form of the Circulation Space
Circulation space is created by forms within the space. The different spaces may be enclosed, open on one side, or open on both sides.

Form & Space

The Base Plane
The changes in level that occur along the edge of the elevated plane.

Elevated Planes
A plane that is elevated above the base plane.

Depressed Planes
Planes that are depresed from the original base plane.

The Overhead Plane

Planes that are not attached to the original base plan, but are hanging above the ground.

View
Openings in a vertical plane that open the space and give a view from there.

Form

Primary Solids: A form in its simpiliest state.

Circle- Equilibrium of points.


Triangle-Three points that connect to create a plane.


Square- Four points that connect to make a plane.


Dimensional Transformation: Alteration of a dimesnsion without destroying its original form.

Subtractive Form: When you take away or remove (subtract) pieces of the whole form to make a different form.

Additive Forms: Adding pieces to an already existing form to create a whole new form.
Centralizes Forms- Emphasis of a central point or element.

Linear Forms- Repretition of forms in a sequential pattern.

Radial Forms-Created when there is visual emphaisis on the ends of radial lines.

Clustered Forms- Forms that are grouped together cause they are in close proximity to each other.

Grid Forms- When horizontal and vertical lines cross over each other and create a pattern

Formal Collision of Geometry:When two geometrical forms collide and cross each other or collide.
Circle & Square

Rotated Grid

Articulation of Forms
Edges & Corners

Surfaces

Primary Elements

Point Simpliest element of design. Serves as a focus or highlighting point.

In this floor plan of a Cathedral church you can see points that are placed to represent columns in the church.

Line

When two points connect they create a line, which shows movement. It has no depth. 

      

In this picture of a bedroom you can see the lines that are created from forms in the room such as the dresser and the headboard of the bed.

Plane

A flat two dimensional surface.

In this picture you can see the plane that is created by this slanted window.

Volume

The space that an object takes up.

The island in this kitchen shows volume, this space is taken up within the kitchen.